Clifford B. Janey is a senior research scholar at Boston University’s School of Education. He was state district superintendent of Newark, New Jersey, from 2008 to 2011; superintendent of schools in Washington, D.C., from 2004 to 2007; and superintendent of schools in Rochester, New York, from 1995 to 2002. He has also been a Senior Weismann Fellow at Bankstreet College of Education in New York City, as well as vice president of education at Scholastic, Inc.